Wages Factories Act

Interpretation of ordinary rate of wages under the Factories Act
Incompetency of executive circulars to override statutory mandates
Absence of delegated rule-making power in Central Government under Chapter VI
Welfare nature and protective objective of the Factories Act
Social and economic value of double rate overtime wages
Uniformity of statutory interpretation across government establishments
Inadmissibility of unlegislated exclusions through office memorandums
Impermissibility of contracting out of statutory welfare benefits
Rejection of conflicting judicial precedents upholding restricted overtime
Finality of statutory entitlements and dismissal of state appeals

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