Appellate duty of the Supreme Court to overturn concurrent erroneous findings in criminal appeals

arises where lower courts convict an accused by relying on general presumptions while failing to meticulously evaluate whether the mandatory ingredients of an offence have been established beyond reasonable doubt. Although the Supreme Court ordinarily exercises restraint regarding concurrent findings of fact recorded by the trial court and the High Court, it will not hesitate to exercise its powers to quash such judgments if the conviction rests on conjectures, unsupported generalities, and a total absence of specific incriminating evidence, ensuring that miscarriage of justice is prevented. (Munni Devi Vs State of Uttar Pradesh | 2026 INSC 136).