Scope and plenary power of Supreme Court under Article 136

Article 136 of the Constitution of India confers upon the Supreme Court a plenary, extraordinary, and discretionary jurisdiction to entertain appeals against any judgment, decree, determination, sentence, or order passed by any court or tribunal within the territory of India. The non-obstante clause contained within Article 136 accords overriding effect to this power over other preceding and succeeding constitutional provisions. This broad discretionary authority empowers the Court to intervene and set aside concurrent findings of subordinate courts or High Courts whenever such findings are demonstrated to be perverse, rendered in direct violation of the principles of natural justice, passed in disregard of statutory mandates, or where the operation of the impugned judgment results in substantial and grave injustice to the litigants. (Bhola Nath v. The State of Jharkhand | 2026 INSC 99)